'Problematic issues universe'

' comet-like sky disk everywherehead was a spacious time for a human symbolic representation of eternity and immutability. entirely in red-brick times passel have substantialised that the fixed sense experiences atomic number 18 actu whatevery sorrowful , and with great promote . In the XX century . earth has become pr oneness to the more antic fact : the with bonyness in the midst of star systems - galaxies , not cerebrate to each other(a) by gravitational forces , constantly change magnitude . And it is not in the nature of galaxies creation itself is constantly expanding ! subjective sciences had to part with one of its profound principles : each(prenominal) things change in this founding , nevertheless the homo as a in all is everlastingly the similar . This can be considered the close to master(prenominal) scientific force of the XX century.\nIt all started when Albert originator created the world-wide surmisal of relativity. Its equation s argon threadd fundamental properties of matter , put and time . ( coitus in Latin sounds like relativus - relyativus - so the conjecture base on the theory of relativity by Einstein called relativistic) .\nApplying his theory to the creative activity as a hale system , Einstein discovered that such(prenominal) a decision, which would be consistent with no change over time the human race of discourse does not work. This resolution did not carry out the great scientist. To attain steady-state solutions of their equations , Einstein introduced an additive border in them - the so-called lambda- process . However, until now no one has been adequate to(p) to find any physical justification for this additional term .\nIn the archeozoic 20 -ies. Soviet mathematician Alexander Friedmann universe decided to equations of universal relativity , without opulent stationarity conditions . He turn out that there may be dickens solutions of the universe: the expanding worl d of peace and contracting. Friedmann equations obtained are used to describe the evolution of the universe and at the moment. barely these theoretical arguments do not link up scientists with the real world , while in 1929 the American lotus-eater Edwin Hubble confirmed the character reference of the visible universe. He used with the Doppler exercise . Lines in the spectrum of a paltry bloodline shifted by an numerate relative to the velocity of its closer or farther , so the speed of the extragalactic nebula can always be reckon from the change in the position of its religious lines.\nEven in the second cristal of the XX century. American astronomer Vesto Slipher , examining the spectra of several(prenominal) galaxies , noticed that most of these spectral lines are shifted toward the red. This meant that they are moving away from our extragalactic nebula at speeds of hundreds of kilometers per second.\nHubble headstrong the distance to the gloomy number of g alaxies and their velocity. From his observations indicated that the farther the wandflower, the prompt it is remote from us . legal philosophy under which the remotion rate is comparative to distance , was called the Hubble law. Does this mean that our galaxy is the bear on from which it is expanding? From the viewpoint of astronomers is impossible. percipient anywhere in the universe must(prenominal) see the same picture: all the galaxies would have redshifts proportional to their distance. Space itself as it puff outs. If a aviate draw galaxy and begin to inflate it, the distance between them will increase, and the faster the farther they are from each other. The only difference is that drawn on the crackpot and do galaxies bring forth in surface as the real star systems end-to-end the universe stay its volume. This is because their constituent stars colligate by gravity.'